Feathers are among the most complex integumentary appendages found in vertebrates and are formed in tiny follicles in the epidermis, or outer skin layer, that produce keratin proteins.

Here, we cover the breadth of feather biology by looking at feathers from a variety of scientific viewpoints including their anatomy, function, development, and evolution.

The Science of Birds - Learn about the complex structure of feathers and the different ways they’re used by birds.

Jun 6, 2025 · Birds are the only animals that have feathers. Feathers are a unique and complex integumentary structure found only in birds. They serve a variety of functions, including flight, …

Unique to birds, feathers apparently evolved from the scales of birds’ reptilian ancestors. The many different types of feathers are variously specialized for insulation, flight, formation of body contours, …

Apr 30, 2025 · Feathers are a unique adaptation of birds. Feathers are made up of keratin, an insoluble protein that is also found in mammalian hair and reptilian scales.

Mar 22, 2025 · Feathers—those intricate, lightweight structures that enable birds to soar gracefully through the sky—are much more than mere tools for flight. They are masterpieces of evolutionary …

Throughout the history of life on Earth, only dinosaurs and birds (which are also dinosaurs) have grown feathers. Much more so than our mammalian fur (or hair, if you’re trying to split fur), feathers are …

Explore the diverse world of bird feathers, understanding how each type serves a unique function in flight, protection and display.

Aug 11, 2009 · The basic answer is they have feathers and also bones that are hollow, making them light and still strong. But there is more to the story of feathers than just flying.