Dunn recalls the history of SSB within ham radio from the 1950s when most voice communication was done through amplitude ...

Abstract: This article presents a four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) quarter-rate transmitter for vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). A piecewise compensation scheme is ...

QAM Modulator and Demodulator combine two amplitude modulation signals into ... value of the modulating signal or message signal is known as modulation. 2. In demodulation, signals from the ...