Molecular, or DNA-based, markers have been increasingly important in plant breeding because of their phenotypic stability, useful polymorphism, and ease of development which permits production of high ...

Cytokine production is determined by staining the fixed and permeabilized cells. By combining the intracellular cytokine stain with staining for phenotypic markers, it is possible to determine the ...

"We then analyzed the evolution of the genetic and phenotypic characteristics of this collection over time in order to ...

QTL analysis is particularly helpful, bridging the gap between genes and the phenotypic traits that result ... the availability of adequately dense markers (genotypes) has been the limiting ...