The deepest earthquake ever, which occurred off Japan in 2015, reached into Earth's lower mantle. (Image credit: Shutterstock) This makes the quake something of a head-scratcher.

They reveal that the chemical composition of the deep mantle has remained almost intact since the Earth's formation 4.5 ...

Colossal volcanic eruptions like the kind that may have obliterated the dinosaurs more than 65 million years ago are caused ...

A ‘ghost plume’ identified deep in the mantle beneath Oman suggests there may be more heat flowing out of Earth’s core than previously thought ...

Most of Earth's lower mantle is made of a magnesium silicate mineral called perovskite. In 2004, earth scientists discovered that under the conditions of the lower mantle, ...

Giant, large-scale eruptions can have more serious impacts. One such event contributed to the demise of the dinosaurs 66 ...

According to current scientific theories, the anomalous material in the lower mantle, about 600 miles (1,000km) beneath the water, 'should not be found' there.

Geophysicists have long theorized that the mantle transition zone, wedged between the upper and lower mantle at depths of 410 to 660 kilometers, could be a secret vault for Earth’s lost water.

A computer model visualization of material in the lower mantle. This material resembles a sunken plate but cannot come from subducted plates because of the lack of nearby subduction zones.

Ringwoodite is typically found in the transition zone between the upper and lower mantle, between around 255 and 410 miles (410 to 660 km) below Earth's surface and can contain much more water ...

Furthermore, the plume can also transport water again from the lower mantle to the upper mantle. Therefore, CaCl 2 -type aluminous hydrous silica may be the most promising water carrier in the ...