The Hosmer‒Lemeshow test showed that the model had satisfactory goodness of fit (χ 2 = 10.757 ... Differences were explored using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables ...

While both models demonstrated strong and consistent goodness-of-fit measures ... despite the high standard deviation. Table 6 shows that the 4-factor model consistently outperforms the 5-factor model ...