New research is reshaping how scientists understand the earliest days of Earth’s formation—suggesting that the deep interior ...

Just when things couldn't get any crazier in the US, scientists have discovered that the underside of the Earth's crust is ...

(b) Compression causes the metals in the molten zone to solidify and sink. (c) Then thermal convection mixes and redistributes the metal-impregnated mantle components over long geologic time frames.

It is unclear what these structures are. If they were anywhere else, they could be portions of tectonic plates that have sunk ...

The hotspot, which geologists estimate began producing the Hawaiian Islands 30 million years ago, is a plume of molten rock that rises through the mantle, the mostly solid layer between the crust ...

(This includes the crust and uppermost part of the mantle.) Churning currents in the molten rocks below propel them along like a jumble of conveyor belts in disrepair. Most geologic activity stems ...

This mantle is constantly in motion due to the heat from the deeper part of the earth. One result is that the heated semi-solid rock (molten rock) can be forced up from the mantle and erupt ...

Researchers have discovered cratonic thinning occurring beneath North America, driven by the remnants of the Farallon Plate.

The mantle is made up of different layers. The upper mantle is hard but below that is semi-molten rock called magma. Crust The crust is the outer layer of the Earth on which we live. It is the ...