This B-cell proliferation requires Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 or TLR9 activation. Lenert and colleagues showed that palindromic class R INH-ODNs—double-stranded DNA (dsDNA)-like analogs that ...

TLR7 and TLR9 are also thought to be involved in B-cell-mediated production of autoantibodies specific to nucleic acids, thereby triggering and then promoting SLE. Barrat et al. have described ...