Mitochondrial dysfunction, including decreased mitochondrial respiration and increased mitochondrial stress, is associated with many major human diseases and casual to many pathological defects.

Each year, about 1,000 to 4,000 children in the United States are born with a mitochondrial disease. Many of these diseases are tied to a deficiency in ATP synthase thought to be triggered by ...

To recycle muropeptides, some bacteria use a membrane transporter called AmpG. However, many bacteria don’t have this transporter, and so it is not known how or if they recycle their cell wall. When ...

An accumulation of an unexpected intermediate of the peptidoglycan recycling pathway that is able to modulate the synthesis and structure of the cell wall, has been found. An accumulation of an ...

Most bacteria are shielded by a protective cell wall consisting of a strong yet elastic polymer called peptidoglycan. Peptidoglycan is essential for bacteria and so, it has always been in the ...