The substance can contain up to 1.5 percent water, and if the ringwoodite under the surface has just one percent water in its ...

According to the study “Dehydration Melting at the Top of the Lower Mantle” (2014), this discovery suggests a “whole-Earth water cycle,” with water moving not only between surface and ...

This trapped water isn’t liquid, solid, or gas—it exists in a fourth state, absorbed like a sponge in deep mantle rock. This revelation joins other huge discoveries, like a black hole aimed at ...

The gas mantle was invented in 1880 a short time before the electric bulb. So the gas mantles became exstinct as houses were lit by electricity. This was salvaged from the Carrick Gas Works.