The lumbar spine includes the five vertebrae in your lower back numbered L1 to L5. These bones help provide mobility and stability to your back and spinal column and are an attachment point for ...

Medically reviewed by Brigid Dwyer, MD The lumbosacral joint, also called L5-S1, is a term used to describe a part of the ...

Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP), also referred to as a herniated disc, is a common spine pathology that occurs approximately 95% of the time at the L4-L5 or ... large midline lumbar HNPs may ...

Using computed tomography scanning, Danneels et al took measurements from three arbitrary levels of the lumbar spine (the L3 superior end plate, the L4 superior end plate, and the L4 inferior end ...