The transition between classical physics and quantum physics is always fascinating. How does an object go from behaving in a deterministic manner to occupying the quantum world, where its activities ...

Clusters of atoms are generally only stable enough to form superatoms when they have filled electron shells, so how can they have magnetic properties? To understand the design of magnetic superatoms, ...

The distribution of outermost shell electrons, known as valence electrons, of organic molecules was experimentally observed for the first time by a team led by Nagoya University in Japan. As the ...