For 400 years, the Byzantine Empire, most commonly known as the Eastern Roman Empire or simply Byzantium, occupied the East. Constantine I founded it in Constantinople, and it became its capital after ...

The Kingdom of Thessalonica was a short-lived state that emerged during the Fourth Crusade after the sack of Constantinople in 1204.

In 944, Sayf al-Dawla established himself as the head of the independent Hamdanid Emirate of Aleppo. Sayf’s rule over his ...

He writes: "My aim was to produce a clear account of the long history of the Byzantine Empire based on the latest research in all major European languages. I also wanted to highlight and explain ...